One of the most important issues of the History of Islam is the succession after the Prophet (S.A.W.), which, despite the appointment of Imam ‘Alī (A.S.), the community of the time did not accept this significant appointment, leading to the creation of disunity between the two great Muslim sects, i.e. Shī‘as and Sunnīs. The factors that caused the Caliphate of Imam ‘Alī (A.S.) not to be socially accepted include: 1. The existence of hidden grounds for political disagreement between some of the Prophet’s (S.A.W.) companions with the Imam; 2. Displeasure of the companions and the elite with the event of al-Ghadīr and the lack of sufficient time for its propagation. 3. The chaotic cultural situation and the lack of motivation for defending the rightfulness of the caliphate of Imam ‘Alī (A.S.) by people; 4. The non-tolerance of the justice-seeking aspects and the upright personality of Imam ‘Alī (A.S.) by certain influential groups.
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